Autism :: Psychology, Mental Health

Autism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Autism is one of the mental, emotional, and behavior disorders that appears in early childhood. Autism, or autistic disorder, almost always develops within the first 3 years of a child's life. Children and adolescents with autism cannot interact normally with other people. Autism thus affects many aspects of their development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Children with and adolescents with autism typically: -have a difficult time communicating with others -exhibit very repetitious behaviors (like rocking back and forth, head banging, or touching or twirling objects); -have a limited range of interests and activities; and -may became upset at a small change in their environment or daily routine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although symptoms of autistic disorder sometimes can be seen in early infancy, the condition can appear after months of normal development. In most cases, it is not possible to identify any specific event that triggers autistic disorder. About 7 in every 10 children and adolescents with autistic disorder also have mental retardation or other problems with their brain function or structure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recent studies estimate that as many as 14 children out of 10,000 may have autism or a related condition. About 125,000 Americans are affected by these disorders, and nearly 4,000 families across the country have two or more children with autism. Three times as many boys as girls have autism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Researchers are still unsure about what causes autism. Several studies suggest that autistic disorder might be caused by a combination of biological factors, including exposure to a virus before birth, a problem with the immune system, or genetics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scientists also have identified chemicals in the brain and the immune

How does Tony Harrison use language, form and structure to present grief in ‘Long Distance II’?

The poem ‘Long Distance II’ tackles the issue of bereavement and the emotions that are connected. In this poem, the speaker seems to be able to cope with the death of his mother and believes in a matter-of-factly fashion that â€Å"life ends with death†, however we learn that in reality he still feels grief and â€Å"calls the disconnected number† for his mother and father who have both passed away. The poet (Tony Harrison) uses few devices. This avoids an overly constructed and artificial style as Harrison wants to strike a more natural conversational tone.He uses words such as â€Å"he’d† and â€Å"can’t† to make the piece more understated and less theatrical. The use of enjambment also reinforces this idea. By running over lines, the poem becomes less methodical and well-planned out and more natural, as if it’s more of private confession rather than a structured poem. However the poet does discretely insert a slight per sonification when he mention’s his father’s â€Å"raw love†. Love is an abstract noun – something you can’t hear, taste, smell, see or touch. However Harrison decides to personify it, making it more human and fleshy.He makes love seem no longer invincible and robust, but instead makes it seem vulnerable and subject to injury. On the other hand, you could interpret the personified phrase â€Å"raw love†, in the way of his father’s heart being torn open by grief, revealing the fleshy wound which is still taking time to heal over. The poet bases his poem on the traditional sonnet. A sonnet is usually about love, and although this doesn’t immediately strike you as being a love poem, the primary message is that love and affection never truly dies.The writer has chosen to stick to the basic, monotone â€Å"abab† rhyme scheme of a sonnet. This shows him as being level-headed and emotionless, as the scheme is very rigid and regu lar. The use of iambic pentameter furthermore backs this up. Iambic pentameter is very regimental with emphasis on every other syllable. This again demonstrates his ability to remain stable during the grieving period. However, in the final quatrain, instead of ending it with the usual conclusive rhyming couplet, he brings in a completely new rhyme scheme.This shows him losing control, letting go of expectations and pouring out his raw emotions that he was earlier masking with his practical and detached appearance. This surprises the reader as it invites a completely new dimension and tone to the poem that is very unexpected. The poem is exactly 16 lines long. Although a sonnet is usually 14 lines long, this too reinforces the idea of a sonnet. Initially, the speaker uses blunt language to expose his seemingly practical and pragmatic response to bereavement.Harrison uses the word â€Å"dead† to show the speakers lack of euphemism. Whereas many people would subtly say that some one passed away, the speaker tells us in a straight forward way that his mum is â€Å"dead†. This coincides with when he tells us in a no-nonsense way that â€Å"life ends with death, and that is all†. However later on in the poem we find out that the speaker does miss his parents and still has their number in his â€Å"black leather phone book† which he calls.Although we may now think that the speaker is over his earlier emotionless self, the use of the words â€Å"black† and â€Å"leather† connotates coldness and masculinity linking directly back to his previous business-like attitude. Tony Harrison has used language, form and structure very effectively to capture the emotions of those grieving. He used specifically chosen language that showed informality yet decisiveness and structured his poem so that it represented the classic love sonnet but with a modern twist.

Pepsi and Coca Cola in India - a Case Study - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1732 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? The political environment in India proved to be very problematic for both PepsiCo and Coca-Cola when they entered the market. The government has long enforced a protectionist stance on its economy in order to safeguard the interests of its people. Even with the New Industrial Policy in 1991 (Pathak 2007), that loosened the grip on foreign businesses entering the country, PepsiCo and Coca-Cola still had to jump through many hurdles before they could operate. For example, PepsiCo was limited to selling at most 25% of total sales of their soft drink concentrate to local bottlers (Cateora 2007). They were also not allowed to use foreign brand names on their products, which meant that PepsiCo had to rename their products Lehar Pepsi and Lehar 7UP. These limitations served to dampen PepsiCo’s advance into the market, as well as tamper with the ‘product’ element of their marketing mix by getting rid of the brand’s established name. Coca-cola on the other hand, was forced by the government to relinquish 49% of the company’s shares in order to purchase the local bottling plants (Cateora 2007). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pepsi and Coca Cola in India a Case Study" essay for you Create order What made it worst was that at the time the company was pleading with the government to waive the ruling; there was a change in the bureaucratic in the government that left all past lobbying efforts in vein. This lack of solid institutions not only makes it hard for companies to manage the enviroment, but also gives way to corruption. Unfortunately, even if the two companies had extensively researched the situation and performed comprehensive environment analysis, they would have not foreseen many of the problems. This is due to the unstable and unpredictable nature of the political and legal environment resulting from a lack of a solid foundation of law. While PepsiCo entered India in 1988, Coca-Cola only managed to properly re-enter the Indian market in 1993, a whole 5 years after its rival. Both companies’ ventures faced some strict conditions from the government. However, Coca-Cola’s initial entry decision to buy out local company Parle would eventually result in some heavy repercussions for the company. Those 5 years really made a difference to PepsiCo. It allowed the company a firm grasp in the market. According to the case study, by 1993, the company had already managed to hold 26% of market shares and this was even before Coca-Cola entered the market. Carbonated drinks require low involvement and are often convenience purchases. These kind of purchases are often based on whatever is on the consumers evoked set at the time; something which takes a lot of effort to change (Mathur 2006). Entering early gave Pepsi the upper edge in this respect. During the time, India’s regulations regarding international business and trade were also constantly changing (Pathak 2007). At the time of PepsiCo’s entry, the government’s policy on international trade were more open and rules for operating with local businesses were more forgiving. Unfortunately for Coca-Cola, by the time it entered the county, the Indian government had changed it policies again to reinforce its stance in protecting local businesses. While the government allowed Coca-Cola to buy out Parle to use their bottling factory to manufacture their products, it gave the company five years before it had to release 49% of its shares to the locals. India’s population is over 1. billion over a very large geographical spread. The cultures within India are also dissimilar from one part to another as well as varying levels of income depending on the region. While there are some uniform interests, marketers should not assume that one marketing mix within a region will work in another region. The southern region of India is more rural and households there have less income compared to other regions. In order to serve these markets better, both Pepsi and Coca-Cola sold their drinks in extra small 200ml bottles in these regions to promote an increase in frequency of purchase. These cheaper bottles made consumption more affordable to those who didn’t have the disposable income. PepsiCo also offered refills for their 300ml bottles at a lower cost to promote re purchasing. PepsiCo and Coca-Cola also kept releasing new products to keep up with the changing of consumer tastes. Both started off with products that were familiar to the consumer base such as cola drinks, lemonade and fruit juices and when they deemed the market to be ready, they released new products such as diet versions and bottled water. Both Coca-Cola and Pepsi big promotional campaigns targeted the common interests of the Indian people. For example, Cricket. Pepsi used the cricket matches as a stage to launch an ad campaign featuring various popular national players, as well as sponsoring the Indian team (Emmett 2009). Pepsi managed to tap into the pride of the country for its national team and this is something that is easily relatable to everyone no matter their background or circumstance. The two companies frequently made use of celebrity endorsement to promote their products. Pepsi employed famous Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachchan (Shatrujeet 2001), whereas Coca-Cola sought the appeal of Aishwarya Rai; just to name a few. Like the sportsmen of cricket, these actors and actresses are easily identifiable to the general public and many use these celebrities as their reference groups. Again, this concept is something that appeals to everyone from various walks of life. PepsiCo utilized the cultural festivals in India to promote their brand. They gave out free gifts with purchase of their Pepsi and Mirinda drinks, such as Basmati Rice and Kit Kat to promote consumption during the Navratri festival, which is during the summer when carbonated drink consumption is at its highest (The Financial Express 2003). Coca-Cola attempted to connect with their consumers through ad campaigns that promote drinking Coke a cool lifestyle choice. In order to segment the market, they divided the population into two groups (Rural and Urban population) in order to effectively target both markets (Mohaiemen 2004) with different marketing mixes. While I wouldn’t go so far to say that Coca-Cola had failed in their operations in India, they could have definitely handled the situation much better. However, it wasn’t entirely their fault. There were some unforeseen factors that played into situation, the most important of which is the political and legal environment of India. Hoping to get a jump on rival PepsiCo and at the same time take advantage of the desperate local businesses, Coca-Cola bought over Parle in order to use their existing bottling plants. The government had issued a ruling that Coca-Cola accepted without hesitation and much thought because they so frantically wanted to regain a foothold in the industry. They assumed that in those 5 years, the market would have flourished and they would have made up their losses. Unfortunately this is their first mistake. They assumed that everything would go to plan. They assumed that everything will work out, even when they have once failed in India few years back. In the end, it didn’t; the market didn’t grow to accept Coca-Cola’s products as they thought it would and they were making loses every year (Prasso 2008). In the end, they tried to lobby with the government to waiver the rule, but ultimately, they weren’t successful. This problem was caused originally from an unstable time in India’s government. In the late 1990s, India went through an industry reform and because of that, rules and regulations kept changing and this made the environment very unstable. Coca-Cola was unfortunate that it entered the market at a time when the government was reinforcing protectionist policies only after a few years of having policies that promoted international business. Both Coca-Cola and PepsiCo could stand to learn a few things from their venture into India. For one thing, neither company did terribly well in the early years of setting up shop in the country. Both had to learn to adapt to a totally new environment; but with this new experience, they are better equipped to enter more emerging markets similar to India. Lesson number 1 is to always know what your costumer wants. For the first few years they were in India, PepsiCo and Coca-Cola fiercely battled out each other for dominance, yet both weren’t seeing profit levels that they had hoped. They soon realized that their competition wasn’t actually each other’s products, but substitute goods such as tea, water and other non-carbonated drinks. This then prompted both companies to release products to cater those markets (Prasso 2008). This shows that just because a county is in a stage of growth, it doesn’t mean that as they grow, they also conform to western cultures (such as carbonated drink consumption). In conclusion, research and analysis of culture is very important. Secondly, they should always keep in mind that the political legal environment is not a force to be reckoned with. Because Coca-Cola entered at the wrong time, they were forced to follow the governments rulings; rules which could be seen as unfair to them. However, in saying that, they made the mistake of trying to back out of a promise they had already made, hurting their reputation in the process. They should try not to repeat this in the future. Lastly, both companies learned that it’s better to be proactive when it comes to matters such as the environment responsibility. Coca-Cola only started up an advisory board for their operations after they were accused of having pesticide residue in their products (Business Global 2006). This action was taken too late as the damage had already been done; their image received some pretty bad press due to the issue. If they had taken a more proactive approach, not only would it have strengthened their image, predicaments such as this would have been avoidable. Bibliography Business Global 2006, India: Behind The Scare Over Pesticides In Pepsi And Coke, Bloomberg Newsweek, 4 September 2006. Cateora, PR,JLG 2007, International Marketing, McGraw Hill, New York. Emmett, J 2009, Cricket sponsorship drives Pepsi sales surge, SportsPro, 15 July 2009. Mathur, V 2006, Evoked set: myth or reality? brand name products, New Century Publications, New Delhi. Mohaiemen, N 2004, Thanda Matlab Coca Cola, IMC India, 20 January 2004. Pathak, B 2007, Industrial Policy of India : Changing Facets, Deep and Deep. Petrof, JV Daghfous, N 1996, Evoked set: myth or reality? brand name products, Business Horizons, May-June 1996. Prasso, S 2008, Lessons for the Indian market, Enterpreneur, April-May 2008. Shatrujeet, N 2001, Amitabh Bachchan debuts for Pepsi, afaqs! , 5 May 2001. The Financial Express 2003, Corporates Revel In Community Festivals, The Financial Express, 23 September 2003.

What Is The Digestive Process - 1731 Words

Introduction. What is the digestive process? In all digestion reactions, nutrients are broken down by enzymes through a chemical process. The chemical equation and word equation can vary a little bit, depending on what is being digested in our bodies. In our paper we will talk about things that combine chemistry with the chemical equation and the process of substances being broken down in our digestive system. Also we will talk about the chemical properties that take place and occur in the digestive process. Here is a chemical equation in digestion of carbohydrates in lentils. Starch+ Water+(amylase)- maltose chemical equation: C6H10O5+H2O-C12H22O11. In our bodies we use fuel and energy from the foods that we eat to keep the body in motion. Digestion is considered a chemical change, because when you consume food and it goes through your digestive system, it turns from a solid to a liquid state. A chemical reaction occurs when the digestive process in the pancreatic acid dissolve the marinated foods then dissolves into a soapy liquid called chyme. The Digestion process is important for decomposing food into nutrients, which provides the body with the capability of restoring energy, growth, and cellular repair. Without this process we would not be able to function properly and our bodies would shut down. Food and drinks must be changed into smaller molecules â€Å" building blocks components† of nutrients before the blood absorbs them and carries themShow MoreRelatedDigestive Systems And The Digestive System Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween what system to write about, I thought the digestive system would be a good top ic because food is probably one of my favorite things, not only cause it tastes good but because it gives me the energy to do all the things I need to do throughout the day. We talked in class about how you should always get the nutrients from food and never from supplements, which I’ve always tried to do. So, what is the digestive system? The digestive system is an assortment of organs that performs the process of digestionRead MoreAll Animals And Humans Have A Digestive System Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagesanimals and humans have a digestive system. The purpose of a digestive system is to digest and absorb. Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into small molecules, these small molecules are then absorbed into the body. The digestive system has two main parts, the digestive tract and accessory organs. According to Cliffs notes (https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/anatomy-and-physiology/the-digestive-system/function-of-the-digestive-system) the digest ive system has seven main processesRead MoreThe Human Digestive System Essay772 Words   |  4 Pagesnutrients and energy we need in order to function have to be extracted from food and absorbed into the body. The process responsible for this is known as digestion. The human digestive system has to be able to process our omnivorous feeding habits and diet, and has adapted this to function at an optimum level and is controlled by our autonomic nervous system by the brain. The digestive system is a collective of automated processes and organs, enzymes, secretions, some accessory organs and a pipeworkRead MoreEssay about The Importance of Digestive System1406 Words   |  6 Pagesis consumed? It happens through this one system with many functioning parts known as the digestive system. When it comes to the human body the digestive system is very important. It gives our bodies the ability to process foods, extract the nutrients we need from the foods, and eliminate the wastes (smartlivingnetwork). Without these abilities our bodies wouldn’t be able to function. So what is the digestive system exactly? It is a complex series of organs that processes the food we eat. AltogetherRead MoreHuman Digestive System1103 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Digestive System Single-celled organisms can directly take in nutrients from their outside environment. Multi-cellular animals, with most of their cells removed from contact directly with the outside environment, have developed specialized structures for obtaining and breaking down their food. The human digestive system is a complex series of organs and glands that processes food. It is a coiled, muscular tube (6-9 meters long when fully extended) extending from the mouth to theRead MoreThe Digestive Tract Of Digestion Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagesan acceptable form such as smaller molecules to absorb by blood and carry to body cells. Digestion is break downing of food into appropriate form to absorb into the bloodstream. Digestion system contains the digestive tract called alimentary canal and associated glands that secrete digestive juices for digestion of food. The digestion or breakdown is started when food is taken in the mouth and mastication performed by the teeth and exposed to certain enzymes. The primary function of teeth is graspedRead MoreThe Two Essential Weight Loss Tools Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pagesweight loss war that if not used to their full potential, you will lose. They are not secret tools, in fact, everybody uses these tools every day of their life. However, very few people are aware of the full power of these tools in the weight loss war. What Are These Two Critical Weight Loss Tools? Are you sitting down? The tools are water and fiber! That s right, water and fiber. Let me say it again, these two items are so critically essential to weight loss that if you fail to use them correctly,Read MoreEssay on Probiotics and Prebiotics924 Words   |  4 PagesThe digestive system is a compellation of organs that process foods consumed by humans. Our digestive system is made up of the stomach and intestines. These organs work simultaneously to break down food into smaller molecules so the body can extract nutrients and then turn it into waste. Since our digestive system constantly comes in contact with various foods, it also becomes an active site for growth of bacteria. Our digestive system contains astounding amounts of bacteria, which are both beneficialRead MoreGood Digestion Is The Foundation Of Good Health906 Words   |  4 Pagesis also the barrier between the outside world and your internal physiology. Digestive disorders, treatments, causes, etc. is an expansive topic. For the sake of time, I am going to focus primarily on treating an increasingly common condition called â€Å"leaky gut syndrome†, as it can lead to many serious complications down the road. The strategies you’ll use to help fight this, will also serve to increase your body’s digestive capacity. Simply put, we need to remove this roadblock to ensure optimal digestionRead MoreAnatomy and Physiology How 2 Body Systems Work Together1012 Words   |  5 Pagesfunction/functions Even though the systems may seem very separate in their activities the digestive system and respiratory system both contribute to work together. The systems cannot work by themselves as they both provide the materials needed throughout the body. They supply energy to all the cells throughout the body. The respiratory system and digestive system allow each other to function. The digestive system is made up of all different organs which starts at the mouth and finishes at the anus

Analysis Of Night In Night By Elie Wiesel - 1183 Words

In Night, Elie Wiesel shines light upon that when times are rough, it is easy to be selfish. This was clearly captured when young fourteen-year-old Elie Wiesel was watching as the Nazi’s take away his valuables, friends, faith, and family. As if every piece of him was broken glass, he had to pick himself up along the way. It all started in 1944, in the suburb of Sighet, Romania. It was a marvelously bright day, a beautiful day. But today, the Nazis had forced Wiesel, the rest of his family, and other jews out of their homes. They unwillingly trudged along from the ghetto to a cattle train. There are now so packed in that from a distance, it might look overflowing. They cannot move, they cannot sit, so they just stand. They arrive at†¦show more content†¦In this evolution of the text, Elie could relate because he thought that in his mind, but it had not reached that breaking point yet. He was thinking it, but he was not one hundred percent sure that he was feeling his thought. To see someone else do this, he connected with them on a personal level. Elie was young and had no reason to not work hard and be successful. On the other hand, his father was maturing in age, he lacked some of the youthful energy, and he also took more time to complete tasks. In this sense, Elie would presumably think of his father as a burden, or like he had to take care of him. My personal belief is that leaving your father or loved one because they are not as adroit as you, is selfish. It would be so effortless to think about yourself in this situation because you are the one living it. You are thinking of these situations in your head that you only think of the consequences that might affect you, not others that you might put in danger or hurt. In relation, your actions dont only affect you. Towards the middle of the novel, a relative of Wiesel and his father, Stein, recognizes Wiesel and his father. Initially, they cannot distinguish who Stien is. 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The Holocaust was a horrifying genocide where Adolf Hitler and the Nazis strived to wipe out the Jewish race, as well as Poles, Slavs, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Homosexuals, Gypsies, etc. Jews were taken from their homesRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel Analysis903 Words   |  4 Pages Eliezer â€Å"Elie† Wiesel, a Jewish writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate and Holocaust survivor, acknowledged that â€Å"There is so much injustice and suffering crying out for our attention: victims of hunger, of racism, and political persecution, writers and poets, prisoners in so many lands governed by the left and by the right. Human rights are being violated on every continent. More people are oppressed than free.† When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, they believed thatRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel Analysis787 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"To forget the dead would be akin to killing them a second time.†, said Elie Wiesel the author of night. 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Furthermore, due to continuousRead MoreAnalysis Of Night By Elie Wiesel991 Words   |  4 Pagesof the author, rather than factual information, to increase awareness about an emotional truth. Night by Elie Wiesel will be analyzed to support this relationship and Respect for Autonomy of Principles of Biomedical Ethics will give context for my argument . The former piece is written by a Holocaust survivor who documents his experience of living in concentration camps during the Nazi regime (Wiesel). The latter is a philosophical work that elaborates on one of the four principles of medical ethicsRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Night `` By Elie Wiesel2205 Words   |  9 PagesIn the novel â€Å"Night†, by Elie Wiesel, the Holocaust survivor suggests that when humans are faced with protecting their own mortality, they abandon their morals and values. This can be seen in both the Jewish and German people. 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Advertising Association of Canadian Advertisers

Question: Discuss about theAdvertising for Association of Canadian Advertisers. Answer: Introduction This essay discusses three key new insights about the advertising industry as discussed in the Association of Canadian Advertisers (ACA) website. ACA is a Canadian national, nonprofit association that is dedicated to serving advertising companies in the country and shaping up their products(ACA, 2016). The following are three key new insights from the sight: Traditional Media is Still Important Even with the rise of the new digital advertising. Traditional forms of media still play a very important role in the world of advertising. The use of print and TV advertising is still embrace across most platforms of advertising campaigns(ACA, 2016). One of the reason learned from ACA is that they provide cohesiveness when it comes to advertising campaigns which rely on digital screen. In this regard, Television and print advertisements provide audiences especially those at home a conceptual ice breaking point for them to have a real relationship experience with the product. This is because traditional media seem to create a lot of customer loyalty to the program as compared to other forms of digital advertising. Modern Technology Provide the Best Platform Customer Tracking With the rise of modern technology and new computer applications, companies are now able to keep track of their customers and assess the impact of their advertisement to the target customers. In addition, with the invention of mobile phone technology, it has provided advertisers with a unique strength of customized advertising(ACA, 2016). This is because it is more personal in all devices. For small campaigns, mobile phone advertising becomes more relevant. In addition, when advertising is about driving people or customers for more information, the mobile phone user can be directed to more information about the brand. The product however, needs to provide the client with a more meaningful experience, entertaining content and functional value in the effort of having it personalized to provide the needed service to the customer. Ethical Issues in Advertising Ethical issue are still very debating issue when it comes to modern day advertising. Companies need to be aware of the kind of content that they put across when advertising their products. Especially for controversial product such as cigarettes, alcohol and other forms of lifestyle. The issue about nudity and advertising still raises many questions on the degree of nudity that should be allowed in the advertising industry(Mark, 2016). All over the world, advertisers use nudity to sell. For this reason, most advertising companies have always used the sex appeal to promote their products. The debate is so far beyond conclusion. However, according to ACA, companies need to consider such ethical concerns with the community. Other factors like social responsibility and code of conduct for advertising industry needs to be followed in all aspects. Social media advertising also comes with the issues of stealing content from one firm to the other. Copyright issues always rise when it comes to posting advertising blogs, tallying of client views and more. Conclusion The above insights provide a great platform for new and upcoming advertising companies. They need to be observed and practiced in any form of advertising campaign. References ACA, 2016. The ACA Edge. [Online] Available at: https://www.acaweb.ca/en/ [Accessed 27 September 2016]. Mark, P., 2016. The Most Important CSR Trend for 2016: A Move Toward Systems-Level Thinking. [Online] Available at: https://www.triplepundit.com/2016/01/the-most-important-csr-trend-for-2016-a-move-toward-systems-level-thinking/ [Accessed 27 September 2016].

Macbeth Essays (718 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth In Shakespeare's tragedy, Macbeth, the characters and the roles they play are critical to its plot and theme, and therefore many of Shakespeare's characters are well developed and complex. Two of these characters are the protagonist, Macbeth, and his wife, Lady Macbeth. They play interesting roles in the tragedy, and over the course of the play, their relationship changes and their roles are essentially switched. At the beginning of the play, they treat each other as equals. They have great concern for each other, as illustrated when Macbeth races to tell Lady Macbeth the news about the witches and she immediately begins plotting how to gain for her husband his desire to be king. At this point, Lady Macbeth is the resolute, strong woman, while Macbeth is portrayed as her indecisive, cowardly husband. He does have ambition, but at this point, his conscience is stronger than that ambition. Lady Macbeth explains this characteristic of her husband in Act I, Scene v, when she says, Yet do I fear thy nature; it is too full o' th' milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way. The next stage of change developing in the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is in Act II. This is the act in which Macbeth kills King Duncan. Macbeth's character change is apparent because it is obvious that he has given in to his ambition and has murdered the king. He is not entirely changed, though, because he is almost delirious after he has committed the crime. He exclaims, Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather the multitudinous seas incarnadine, making the green one red. He believes that instead of the ocean cleaning his hands, his hands would turn the ocean red. Macbeth's role has changed somewhat but not entirely, since he has committed the crime but his conscience is still apparent after the murder. Lady Macbeth's role similarly changes somewhat in Act II. The reader sees a crack in her strong character when she tells Macbeth in Scene ii of Act II that she would have murdered Duncan herself if he had not resemble d her father as he slept. Her boldness is still evident, though, when she calms Macbeth after the murder and believes a little water clears us of this deed. Unlike the roles of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, their relationship remains unchanged from Act I to II. Their relationship is still very close as seen through Duncan's murder - a product of teamwork. At the end of Act III, both the roles and the relationship of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have reached the final stage of their change. Now that Duncan is dead and Macbeth is hopelessly headed toward a life of immorality, Lady Macbeth fades into the background. Macbeth takes it upon himself in Act III to plot Banquo's murder without consulting his wife because he wants to protect her from the corruption that he has involved himself with. His role is now completely changed and there is no turning back for him. As Macbeth goes off on his own course during this time, Lady Macbeth's guilt is overwhelming and, cut off from him, she descends into madness. Her guilt emerges in Act III, Scene ii when she says she would rather be dead, and it grows from then on until her death. Lady Macbeth's character change is also evident in Act III, Scene ii when she backs out of Macbeth's mysterious murder plan and tells him, You must leave this. The relationship between the couple is being torn apart by th is time in Macbeth. They are headed in separate directions - Macbeth towards a life of evil and Lady Macbeth towards insanity and grief. As Shakespeare developed the characters of Macbeth and his wife, their changing roles ironically ended up resembling the other one's role. At the beginning of the tragedy, Macbeth was the hesitant character with a strong conscience, while Lady Macbeth was powerful and firm. However, by the time these two characters were completely changed, Macbeth ended up being decisive and greedy, as Lady Macbeth turned out to be weak since her guilty conscience drove her insane. Shakespeare's exchange of roles in